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Drone Technologies and Applications
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001987
2. Features of dronesBog'liq drone3
Drone Technologies and Applications
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001987
2. Features of drones
Drones, designed with a kite-like mechanical architecture and one engine placed
on its diagonal points, mainly consist of four basic components: propeller, engine,
body, and flight board. Drones, generally defined as 250 and 450 class according to
the distance between the two crossed motors, are classified as single rotor (helicop-
ter), multi-rotor (multicopter), fixed wing, and fixed-wing hybrid VTOL according
to their physical structures.
Single-rotor drones are small-sized helicopters and fueled or electric types are
available. Working with a single blade and fuel offers advantages such as increasing
stability and flying longer distances, but it also brings safety risks.
Multicopter are the smallest, lightest, and most widely used drones on the market.
Their flight distance, speed, altitude, and payload are limited. These drones, which
usually carry a light load such as a camera, are used for terrestrial observations and
determinations of up to 50 minutes of flight time.
Multicopters are divided into models with four engines (quadcopter), six engines
(hexacopter), and eight engines (octocopter) according to the number of motors.
The main factor determining the design here is the carrying capacity of the drone
and the required range; accordingly, the size and number of engines are determined.
According to the necessary range and control structure, there are many types of
drones, from hobby-purpose models with a range of 30–40 meters to professional
models with a range of 10 km+, together with the engine, chassis, and battery.
• Tricopter: It is a type of drone that can take off and land vertically and has six
degrees of freedom on the X–Y–Z axes. Its cost is lower than other options.
However, it is an important disadvantage that it is not symmetrical (
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