Instances:
[Note: Throughout, we have omitted definitions for the values AnyF and OtherF, where F is a feature.]
6.1.1 ContinuousAspect:
Similar to progressive, however an aspect is continuous versus progressive when it is anchored to non-punctual time reference. (Salaberry 2002:264)
6.1.2 DurativeAspect:
Events which involve some duration. (Bhat 1999:58)
6.1.3 FrequentiveAspect: (xref with pluractional)
Events which are frequently repeated, differs from habitual in that it can only be based upon the observation of several occurrences of the event concerned, whereas habitual can be based upon the observation of a single occurrence. (Bhat 1999: 53)
6.1.4 HabitualAspect:
Refers to the internal temporal contour of a situation — a repeated situation that occupies a large slice of time. Can be based on the observation of a single occurrence. (Bhat 1999:177)
6.1.5 ImperfectiveAspect:
A viewpoint aspect which encodes the speaker’s lack of attention to the endpoints of the situation referred to. Imperfective aspect is the prototypical mode of presentation for states. (Michaelis 1998:xiv)
6.1.6 InceptiveAspect:
Denotes the beginning of an event. (Bhat 1999:176)
6.1.7 IterativeAspect:
Portrays events repeated on the same occasion (like the iterative knocking on the door).
(Bhat 1999: 53)
6.1.8 PerfectiveAspect:
A viewpoint aspect which encodes the speaker’s willingness to attend to the endpoints of the situation referred to. Perfective aspect is the canonical mode of presentation for events.
(Michaelis 1998: xv)
6.1.9 PhasalAspect:
A set of aspectual distinctions involving relations between a background situation (the reference situation) and a situation located relative to the reference situation (the denoted situation). In English, phasal distinctions are expressed by auxiliary-headed constructions, like the inceptive, progressive, and perfect constructions, whose head verbs express the aspectual class of the denoted situation. The aspectual class of the denoted situation differs from that of the reference situation.
(Michaelis 1998:xv)
6.1.10 ProgressiveAspect:
An exponent of phasal aspect which expresses a stative situation that holds during the time at which an event is occurring (e. g., He is fixing the fence). (Michaelis 1998:xv)
6.1.11 QuantificationalAspect:
A speaker may report an event as occurring once only (semelfactive) or several times (iterative); he may view it as a specific event or as part of a general habit of carrying out similar events; he may also differentiate between different degrees of frequency with which the event occurs. The markers that a given language provides for one or more of these meaning distinctions can be grouped under a subcategory called “quantificational aspect”, as all of them refer to the quantitative aspect of the event concerned. (Bhat 1999:53)
6.1.12 SemelfactiveAspect:
Momentaneous, without an inherent end-point, as sneeze. (Michaelis 1998:xvi)
6.1.13 TerminativeAspect:
Denotes the termination of an event. (Bhat 1999: 92).
Class:
6.2 CaseFeature:
Case is a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of relationship (syntactic or semantic) they bear to some other element in the sentence, such as a verb, noun, pronoun, or adposition(Pei and Gaynor 1954: 35; Crystal 1980: 5354; Anderson 1985: 179180; Andrews 1985: 7172; Mish et al. 1990: 211; Kuno 1973: 45; Blake 2001).
We suggest using a featural system rather than the hierarchical one you have here
Many lgs, like Avar, shows that you sometimes have to combine the features of location and motion, which you currently have separate.
Liquid locative in Ingush (anything that can surround you, e.g. trees)
cf. Avar, Sami
-
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in (illative)
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on (allative)
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under (sub
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at, beside
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in
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X
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-in
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-on
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-under
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-at
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-in
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to
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-in-to
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....
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|
|
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from
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-in-from
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|
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etc
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to/from
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-in-to/from
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|
|
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etc
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cf. Hungarian: in something, on top of something, on top of something else*
Refs: Abondolo, Daniel. 1998. The Uralic Languages. Routledge.
Alice Harris can provide refs for Caucasian lgs.
Grünthal, Riho. Finnic adpositions and cases in Change. Mem Soc. Finno-Ou.(Refs about case in balto-finnish in general / Veps)
If you have a hierarchy as below, also: Core:Oblique opposition should be supported higher up (or as a feature of the case system). The Core:Oblique opposition includes a different notion of "Core" than the Core:Loc/Mo:Other.
Any
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Core
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Locational
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Motion
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Other
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Arg
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Adj
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Poss
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Misc
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Abl
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Ess
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Lat
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Term
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All
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Trans
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Figure 2. Entailment relations among highest level Case feature values
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