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II. Problem-based learning -
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Bog'liq Pedagogik mahorat 3-son 2021 yilII. Problem-based learning - improved teaching technology. Effective teaching technology in today’s
high school is a problem-based learning. Its task is to encourage an active cognitive process and to shape the
research method in thinking. Problem-based learning is consistent with the goals of educating a creatively
active individual.
In the 1960s, problem-based learning was further developed based on the views of researchers such as
L.Rubinshteyn, M.I.Maxmutov, V.Okon, I.Y.Lerner. S.L.Rubinshteyn’s idea that “Thinking begins with
problematic situation” was accepted as the psychological basis of problem-based learning.
Problem-based learning (greek, “obstacle”, “difficulty”) forms the basis of problematic learning, and
problem-based learning serves to find solutions to them. In most cases, problem and problematic situation
are accepted as synonyms. Actually, they differ from each other.
III. Interactive learning - the type of education and form of teaching that is recognized as the most
optimal way to increase the effectiveness of education.
In essence, interactivity means that students have the ability to organize a movement based on
cooperation, in the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, competencies and certain ethical qualities. From a
logical point of view, interactivity refers, first of all, to the fact that social actors carry out activities based on
dialogue interaction.
Interactive learning has the following opportunities:
➢ Arouses in students an interst in the acquisition of knowledge, encourages every participant in the
learning process;
➢ Has a positive effect on the psyche of each student; creates favorable conditions for thorough
mastering of educational material;
➢ Has a multifaceted impact on students;
➢ Stimulates students’ thinking and attitudes on topics;
➢ Forms vital skills in students;
➢ Ensures that students’ behaviour changes for the better.
Nowadays the following most popular technologies are used in the organization of interactive
education in educational institutions of the Republic:
1. Interactive methods: “Case study”, “Blitz-poll”, “Modeling”, “Creative work”, “Attitude”,
“Plan”, “Conversation” and etc.
2. Strategies: “Brainstorming”, “Boomerang”, “Galery”, “Zig-zag”, “Step by step”, “Icebreaker”,
“Rotation”, “T-table”, “Rounded snow” and etc.
3. Graphic organizers: “Fishbone diagramme”, “BBB”, “Conceptual table”, “Venn diagramme”,
“Insert”, “Cluster”, “Why?”, “How?” and etc.
Nowadays actively used interactive methods, strategies and graphic organizers are discussed in the
appendix of the manual.
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