• Cities built by the sea
  • some people just dump old fridges in the countryside




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    some people just dump old fridges in the countryside. 
    Q23
    JACK: 
    It’s hard to see how they can be stopped unfortunately 
    Q23
    . In the UK we get rid of 
    three million a year altogether!
    ANNIE:
    That sounds a lot, especially because fridges hardly ever break down.
    JACK:
    That’s right. In this country we keep domestic fridges for 11 years on average, and a lot last
    for 20 or more. So 
    if you divide the cost by the number of years you can use a fridge, 
    they’re not expensive, compared with some household appliances. 
    Q24
    ANNIE: 
    True. I suppose manufactures encourage people to spend more by making them different
    colours and designs. I’m sure when my parents bought their first fridge they had hardly any
    choice!
    JACK:
    Yes, there’s been quite a change.


    TEST
    Cities built by the sea
    TUTOR:
    OK, so what I’d like you to do now is to talk to your partner about your presentations on
    urban planning. You should have done most of the reading now, so I’d like you to share
    your ideas, and talk about the structure of your presentation and what you need to do next.
    CARLA:
    OK Rob. I’m glad we chose quite a specific topic – cities built next to the sea. It made it
    much easier to find relevant information.
    ROB:
    Yeah. And cities are growing so quickly – I mean, we know that more than half the world’s
    population lives in cities now.
    CARLA:
    Yeah, though that’s all cities, not just ones on the coast. But
    Q21
    most of the biggest cities 
    are actually built by the sea. I’d not realised that before.
    ROB:
    Nor me. And what’s more, a lot of them are built at places where rivers come out into the
    sea. But apparently this can be a problem.
    CARLA: Why?
    ROB:
    Well, as the city expands, agriculture and industry tend to spread further inland along the
    rivers, and so agriculture moves even further inland up the river. That’s not necessarily a
    problem, except

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    some people just dump old fridges in the countryside

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