• Defining relative clauses A defining relative clause is used to give essential
  • Relative pronouns for defining relative clauses
  • Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson




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    Grammar for IELTS - Collins English for Exams

    Grammar for IELTS


    Unit 18
    Exam Practice: Speaking Part 2
    Read the follow ing prom pt fo r an IELTS Speaking exam Part 2. Give yourself one m inute to 
    prepare and make notes. Then speak fo r two m inutes on the topic.
    Describe a film that you particularly liked. You should say:
    -
    What it is called
    -
    What it is about
    -
    Why you like it
    and explain what types of people would like the film.
    O
    Now listen to Track 31 on the CD fo r the m odel answer.
    31 
    Make some notes on how you could improve your answ er based on the m odel answer.
    Film and entertainm ent 
    7 7


    19 Wildlife
    R elative clau se s
    The ze b ra s w hich are next to the lake are a 
    new addition to o u r safari park.
    The zebras, w hich are next to the lake, are a 
    new addition to o u r safari park.
    Defining relative clauses
    A defining relative clause is used to give essential inform ation about the person, place o r thing. 
    W ithout the defining relative clause the sentence does not have enough meaning, fo r example:
    Animals are called wild animals.
    This sentence does not have enough inform ation because not a ll anim als are called w ild anim als.
    A nim als which live in a non-dom esticated environm ent are called w ild anim als.
    The relative clause here gives the sentence meaning. We now know which anim als.
    Defining relative clauses are often used in definitions (for example the clause above defines w ild 
    animals).
    Relative pronouns for defining relative clauses: who (person, subject), whom (person, object) which 
    (thing), whose (possessive). Also when (time), where (place), why (after the word reason) can be used. 
    That can be used in place of the above relative pronouns (except whose} in defining relative clauses.

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