Grammar for ielts fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson ■L&

Unit 19
I Exam tip : When you hear a relative clause in listening fo r notes or labels (e.g. a
i d ia g ra m -la b e lling question), you w ill no rm a lly need to com plete it in note form . This 
j w ill usually mean that the pronoun and any auxiliary verbs are om itted.
Now listen to Track 34 on the CD and complete the diagram with no more than three words
34 
and/or a number. Notice how the information is given in varied forms of relative clause.
Exam practice: Listening - labelling a diagram
Complete the diagram below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each
35 
answer.
W ildlife
8 1

20 
Men and women
Noun p hrases
A noun phrase gives extra inform ation about the subject or object of a sentence. The extra 
inform ation in a noun phrase can come before and/or a fte r the main noun as follows:
D e te rm in e r/q u a n tifie r + adjective(s) + NOUN + prepositional phrase + relative clause
The recent increase of fem ale graduates who have studied technical subjects...
The = d e te rm in e r / recent = adjective / increase = noun / in female graduates = prepositional 
phrase / who have studied technical subjects = relative clause
Noun phrases can contain one, some or a ll of these parts.
It is im po rta n t to notice where the noun phrase begins and ends in a sentence to help you 
understand what the sentence means. The way to do this is to find the verb in the sentence; 
everything before the verb is the subject noun phrase and everything that comes a fte r the verb is 
the object noun phrase.
The recent increase in fem ale graduates who have studied technical subjects has changed the 
m odern job m arket.
(noun phrase & subject) + (verb in the sin g u la r form because it agrees w ith increase) + (noun 
phrase & object]

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