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International Journal of Advanced Technology and Natural Sciences ISSNBog'liq mis-ishlab-chiqarish-texnologik-eritmalaridan-metallarni-cho-ktiruvchi-reagentlar-yordamida-ajratishInternational Journal of Advanced Technology and Natural Sciences ISSN:
2181-144X
37
© International Journal of Advanced Technology and Natural Sciences Vol.2(2) 2020
Olmos N. Boltaev - trainee-researcher of the Almalyk branch of the Tashkent State Technical
University,
Kholbay R. Khaidaraliev -assistant of the Metallurgy Department of the Tashkent State
Technical University Almalyk branch
Annotation. The high level of development of technology and technology today leads to an
increase in demand for metals. The steady growth in the production of heavy non-ferrous
metals has led to an increase in the consumption of industrial waste, which is considered not
only as a source of additional metal production, but also as a factor in reducing the cost of
finished products. In the coming years, JSC Almalyk MMC plans to increase copper production
by 1,5-2 times, which will lead to an increase in the amount of industrial waste (slag, gases,
dust, sludge, washing solutions, waste water, etc.), and their processing requires special
approach. The technologies used in this case are characterized by extremely irreversible losses
of metal with waste, slag, emission of harmful gases and dust into the atmosphere. Ammonium
thiocyanate was used as a reagent for separating copper and nickel from technological
solutions in the production of copper sulfate.
Key words: copper sulfate, precipitating agent, nickel, hydrometallurgy, ammonium
thiocyanate, copper sulfate, process solution, selectivity, electrolyte
Kirish. Jahon miqyosida qimmatbaho metallarning hajmi va miqdori birlamchi
rudadan olinadigan metallar miqdoriga qaraganda ancha yuqori boʼlgan qoʼshimcha
xomashyo koʼrinishidagi soha texnogen chiqindilaridan foydalanishga yoʼnaltirilgan ilmiy-
tadqiqot ishlari olib borilmoqda. Shu munosabat bilan texnogen chiqindilarga ishlov berish,
korxonalarda geologik, konchilik va boyitish ishlarini olib borish uchun sarflanadigan kapital
xarajatlarsiz xomashyo bazasini sezilarli darajada kengaytirish imkonini beradi. Bundan
tashqari, bu ilmiy izlanishlar katta nazariy va amaliy ahamiyatga ega boʼlishiga qaramay,
ogʼir rangli metallar ionlarining kontsentratsiyasini oshirish va ajratish usullariga, selektiv
reagentlarni tanlashga yetarlicha eʼtibor berilmagan, metallar ionlarining oʼzaro taʼsir
mexanizmi to’liq oʼrganilmagan, qimmatbaho komponentlarni ajratib olish, ularni qayta
ishlash va ekologik muammolarni hal qilishni oʼzida jamlagan metall tarkibli chiqindilar va
texnologik eritmalarni qayta ishlashning kompleks texnologiyalarini ishlab chiqishga imkon
bermaganligi oʼta dolzarb, ilmiy va muhim iqtisodiy muammo hisoblanadi.
Bugungi kunda qayta ishlanayotgan mis rudalari tarkibidagi metallar miqdorini
kamayishi olinayotgan mis kontsentratlarining sifati pasayishiga va kontsentrat tarkibidagi
keraksiz jinslarni miqdori yuqori boʼlishiga olib keldi. Bu tendentsiya eritish zavodlariga
zararli taʼsir koʼrsatdi: ishlab chiqarish hajmi oshdi, chiqindilar (shlak, gaz, eritma) miqdori
koʼpaydi. Natijada konlardan rudani qazib olishdan metallurgik zavodlariga qadar boʼlgan
resurslarni tejash, barqaror va raqobatbardosh ishlab chiqarishga erishish uchun xom
ashyoni qayta ishlashning yaxlit yondash
uvi zarurligi taʼkidlanmoqda [1-4].
Kontsentratlardan bir metallni ajratib olayotgan zavodlarga nisbatan, bir nechta
metallarni ajratib olayotgan zavodlarni rivojlanishi kuzatilmoqda [1]. Ushbu zavodlarning
asosiy maqsadi metallarni maksimal darajada ajratib ishlashda, chiqindilarni ishlab
chiqarishga jalb qilishda va turli xil metallurgiya jarayonlar natijasida hosil boʼladigan
texnologik eritmalar va oqava suvlarni boshqarishda Qozogʼistondagi Kaztsink Ust-
Kamenogorsk metallurgiya majmuasi [5], Boliden Ro
¨nnska¨r Smelter [6], Yaponiyadagi
[7], Germaniyadagi [8] va Koreyadagi [9] metallurgik integral zavodlari yaxshi natijalarga
erishgan.
Ogʼir metall ionlaridan chiqindi suvlarni tozalash muammosi koʼplab sohalarda
mavjud boʼlib, jahon hamjamiyati ekologik inqiroz yoqasida turgan paytda ayniqsa
dolzarbdir [10-11].
Chiqindi suvdan ogʼir metallar ionlarini ajratib olish uchun sorbentlardan foydalanish
[12] ishda qisqacha koʼrib chiqilgan, sellyuloza tarkibli sorbentlarning faol uglerod va kation
almashinadigan
qatronlar bilan taqqoslash xususiyatlari keltirilgan. Аgrosanoat majmuasi
chiqindilari sanoat chiqindi suvlaridan tashqari tabiiy suvlar va oziq-ovqat sanoatida hosil
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