Bakhodirova Khilola Bakhodirovna PhD. TSTU named after I.Karimov
Shog‘iyosova Shakhzoda Shoolim qizi Student of TSTU named after I.Karimov
TRENDS AND FEATURES OF INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF
ENERGY INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES
The electricity sector is fundamental not only to national economies, but also to the global
economy as a whole. Its high importance in the development of countries and regions is associated
with the need to ensure uninterrupted energy supply, energy security, as well as a significant share of
electricity in the cost of all products. The specific features of the electric power industry today remain
the high capital intensity of facilities and the technological feature of simultaneous production and
consumption of electricity, which requires centralized coordination of the operation of the electric
power system.
One of the main trends in the modern electric power industry is the development of small
distributed generation powered by renewable energy sources (RES), as well as the desire of
consumers to save energy and increasingly use energy-efficient technologies. Thus, the role of the
end consumer in the existing electricity market model is significantly increasing.
The growth of decentralized renewable energy production, given the limited capabilities of
industrial electricity storage in the medium term, usually requires additional investments in the
development of networks in order to effectively integrate into the electricity system.
Investment prospects have improved markedly along with economic growth, although there
are significant differences across countries.
All of these changes are subject to regulation, which increases the importance of a stable and
transparent regulatory environment to maintain adequate levels of investment. New technologies for
producing electricity (including solar panels) in close proximity to the consumer, the use of energy
storage devices, and the growing demand for hybrid engines and electric motors are increasing the
attractiveness of this sector for investors.
The development of renewable energy sources also occurs due to the policy of reducing CO2
emissions into the atmosphere, which is supported by the international community and systematically
regulated in some countries. The ambitious actions outlined in the Paris Agreement on climate
change, including stopping global warming by keeping the global average temperature in check, will
require large amounts of investment. The Paris Agreement does not indicate the exact amounts of
funding, nor their distribution among target areas.
Taking into account the characteristics of the energy industry, assessing the effectiveness of
investments is one of the most important problems. In the modern economy, many companies strive
to increase dividend payments to shareholders by reducing costs, and this in turn can affect the quality
and reliability of energy supply. In this regard, the introduction of comparative analysis technology
(benchmarking) becomes particularly relevant. This technology helps to correctly evaluate the
investment activities of energy companies.
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The most difficult and important task in the process of developing an improvement program
is conducting a qualitative analysis and, based on its results, identifying inconsistencies in indicators.
This analysis should consider all areas of the utility's operations related to contracts, standards,
outsourcing, policies, organizational structure, management principles, information technology, etc.
Most often, deviations or poor performance come from working with outdated technologies,
standards or work methods. And here you can add low productivity and high labor costs as important
indicators affecting the final result.
Solving these problems requires the creation of management of innovation and investment
activities of enterprises in the energy industry, taking into account all the features of the industry.
To achieve the long-term goals of the enterprise, it is necessary to determine the orientation
of investment management, which includes the correct distribution of resources and the choice of
priority areas of the enterprise. In addition, it is necessary to develop a ten-year, three-year and annual
program of investment activities corresponding to the production cycle, which can ensure the
achievement of certain indicators.
Enterprises in the energy industry that have previously been involved in improving the
efficiency of their activities have good potential that does not require large investments. This potential
or reserve of the enterprise can be used to implement measures to improve energy efficiency and
energy saving. The most effective tool in this matter is lean manufacturing technology.
The peculiarity of the implementation of innovation and investment activity is that this process
includes both elements of innovation and elements of investment activity. In this process, investments
are made in innovative machinery and technologies in order to improve the quality of the product.
These conditions reduce the amount of necessary investments and provide increased profits based on
improved competitive advantages. This path of innovative activity of an enterprise is attractive from
the point of view of investors and for the enterprise itself.
As a result of the implementation of these mechanisms, enterprises can be able to update fixed
production assets, create savings and improve product characteristics. This, in turn, improves the
management process, the qualifications of employees and increases the innovative climate within the
enterprise, which directly improves the worldview of employees. All of the above processes serve to
form the innovative potential of all market participants represented by enterprises and the state.
Based on all this, it can be noted that at energy enterprises it is necessary to create the
necessary conditions for innovation and investment activities to form the potential for innovative
development. The state plays an important role in this process, especially for enterprises with a large
state share. The creation of a favorable investment climate by the state is very important in the
development of investment in innovative activities of economic sectors. The influence of this climate
is also felt in the area of effective use of the internal capabilities of the enterprise.
Improving the flow of investments comes from the innovative and production potential of the
enterprise, which directly depend on such factors as the development of the technical and
technological base, improvement of financial and labor resources, proper organization of activities
and the creation of a base of all necessary material resources. A distinctive feature of innovation
potential from production potential is the role of labor resources, or rather their qualifications.
Therefore, low labor prices are not always a positive factor in the process of innovation and
investment development. Based on the experience of developed foreign countries, we can say that
educating personnel in the spirit of creative thinking, accepting new innovative ideas and increasing
the level of innovative culture is a priority task. All this, of course, dictates completely different
conditions for assessing the workforce.
The most important factor determining the level of development of a country in the innovation
direction is its investment policy and innovation strategy
Based on the results of the study, it can be noted that the innovation and investment goals of
an enterprise are certain elements that combine all, including functional, resource and corporate
strategies, which in turn create an overall competitive development strategy for the enterprise. The
innovation strategy of an enterprise plays a special role in creating a competitive strategy. This
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strategy addresses the issues of differentiation of manufactured products, reducing the costs of the
enterprise, as well as the orientation of its activities.
Resource strategies should contain the most optimal ways to provide resources to the
operating activities of the enterprise and form the correct path for the development of production
potential.
The innovation and investment strategy must answer questions regarding the resources
necessary to implement the investment and innovation process. Therefore, this strategy must contain
all the main ways of development of the enterprise and be developed in conjunction with other
strategies. Based on this, it can be argued that the innovation and investment strategy includes
directions, means and methods for achieving long-term goals. Innovation and investment strategies
determine the path to achieving set goals under existing conditions and indicate what to pay attention
to in the process of implementing the mission.
In general, based on the results of the study, one can note an increase in the introduction of
innovations in the energy industry. Of course, it is important not to forget the role of meeting market
demands in this development. Today we can say that there is an incompletely satisfied need to activate
technological innovation in the fuel and energy complex, through the creation, construction and
implementation of tools and effective economic policy mechanisms. Here we are talking about a
completely new level of economic reforms, aimed at creating effective systems of economic policy
and the main condition for the implementation of this policy should be the realization of the
accumulated potential.
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