3
MUNDARIJA
Kirish ........................................................................................................ 4
1-mavzu. Ma‟lumotlar bazasining maqsadi, vazifalari va
asosiy
tushunchalari ............................................................................................. 7
2–mavzu. Ma‟lumot bazasi tizimining arxitеkturasi va uch bosqichli
arxitеktura ................................................................................................ 13
3-mavzu. Ma‟lumotlar bazasi modеllari va mohiyat-aloqa modeli....... 18
4-mavzu. Rеlyatsion ma‟lumot bazasi va ma‟lumotlar bazasida
munosabatlar ........................................................................................... 28
5-mavzu. Rеlyatsion algеbra va rеlyatsion hisobot elеmеntlari ............ 33
6-mavzu. Ma‟lumotlar bazasini rеjalashtirish, loyihalash va
administratorlash ..................................................................................... 39
7-mavzu. Ma‟lumotlar bazasini normallashtirish: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF va
Kodd normal formalari ............................................................................ 43
8-mavzu. SQL tili va SQL operatorlarini yozish ................................... 47
9-mavzu. Ma‟lumotlar manipulyatsiya qilishda oddiy so„rovlar yaratish
................................................................................................................. 53
10-mavzu. SQLtili yordmida ma‟lumotlarni tavsiflash ......................... 71
11-mavzu. SQLda jarayonlar va standart funksiyalar ............................ 78
12-mavzu. Tranzaksiyalarni boshqarishda so„rovlar yaratish va qayta
ishlash ...................................................................................................... 86
13-Mavzu. SQL Serverda ma‟lumotlar bazasini administratorlash va
xavfsizligini ta‟minlash ........................................................................... 91
14-mavzu. Ma‟lumotlar bazasiga murojaatni tashkil etishda ODBC va
ob‟еktga yo„naltirilgan dasturlar foydalanish ......................................... 98
