Qarshi davlat universiteti fizika-matematika fakulteti fakultetlararo ingliz tili

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Singular plural Coat coats Dog dogs House houses Road roads Ship ships ….and many more. Nouns ending in -ch, -sh, -s (or “s” sound), -x or -z: We add –es: Singular plural Box boxes Bus buses Buzz buzzes Church churches Dish dishes Nouns ending in -y For nouns ending in -y, the plural form depends on the letter before the “y” Nouns ending in a VOWEL + y (Vowels are the letters a, e, i, o, u) Add –s Singular plural Boy boys Day days Key keys Nouns ending in a CONSONANT + y (Consonants are all the letters of the alphabet apart from the vowels: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z) Change the y to i and add –es Singular plural Baby babies City cities Ferry ferries Lady ladies Nouns ending in -f or -fe Replace the -f or -fe with –ves for these nouns: Singular plural Calf calves Elf elves Half halves Knife knives Leaf leaves Life lives Loaf loaves Self selves Shelf shelves Thief thieves Wife wives Wolf wolves For most other nouns ending in -f or -fe, just add –s: Singular plural Giraffe giraffes Roof roofs and many more… Nouns ending in -o For nouns ending in -o, the plural form depends on the letter before the “o” Nouns ending in a VOWEL + o Add –s Singular plural Radio radios Zoo zoos Irregular nouns ending in a CONSONANT + o For these irregular nouns, we add –es: singular Plural buffalo buffaloes (or buffalo) domino Dominoes echo Echoes embargo embargoes hero Heroes mosquito mosquitoes potato Potatoes tomato Tomatoes torpedo Torpedoes veto Vetoes Example: Here are some potatoes. Regular nouns ending in a CONSONANT + o All the other nouns ending in a CONSONANT + o are considered regular. We add –s: Singular plural Casino casinos Photo photos Solo solos and many more. There are a few nouns ending in a CONSONANT + o which have 2 possible plural forms: We add –s or –es singular Plural tornado tornados or tornadoes volcano volcanos or volcanoes English nouns from foreign languages There are many English words that originate from other foreign languages. These are called “borrowed words” because we borrow them! Latin nouns ending in –us. Replace the -us with –i Singular plural Cactus cacti Fungus fungi Nucleus nuclei Radius radii Certain nouns ending in -is Replace the -is with –es Singular plural analysis (Greek) analyses axis (Latin) axes crisis (Greek) crises diagnosis (Greek) diagnoses hypothesis (Greek) hypotheses thesis (Greek) theses Certain nouns ending in -ix or -ex Replace the –ix or -ex with -ices Singular plural appendix (Latin) appendices index (Latin) indices matrix (Latin) matrices vertex (Latin) vertices Irregular nouns Some English nouns are completely irregular and do not follow any of the above rules at all. You have no choice but to learn them by heart: Irregular nouns with different irregular plurals Singular plural Child children Foot feet Goose geese Man men Mouse mice Ox oxen Person people Tooth teeth Woman women Irregular nouns with the same plurals Some nouns are the same in the singular and plural: Singular Plural Aircraft aircraft Buffalo buffalo (or buffaloes) Deer Deer Fish Fish Hovercraft hovercraft Moose Moose Sheep Sheep Spacecraft spacecraft Activity 3. Type in the nouns in the plural form. My little brother got lots of new (toy)  for his birthday. I heard that Indonesia has lots of beautiful (beach)  . I am going to make two (cup)  of tea, one for you and one for me. Larry’s father has two mobile (phone)  . Larry’s father also has three different (watch)  . Activity 4. .Decide if the sentences are correct or incorrect. There are some chairs and tables in the kitchen. correct incorrect We need some new furnitures for our kitchen. Correct incorrect Two breads, please. Correct incorrect That’s an important information. Correct incorrect He saw three rare birds on his last birdwatching trip. Correct incorrect I saw a lot of bird migrating south. correct incorrect LESSON 2. READING: MY LOVELY FAMILY. GRAMMAR: TO HAVE, TO BE. MY LOVELY FAMILY Our family is neither big nor small. I have a mother, a father and a sister. We live together in a flat in one of the industrial districts of Kharkiv. We are an average family. My father Ihor Ivanovych is 45 years old. He is a tall and well-built man with short black hair and grey eyes. He works as a manager at a big plant. He likes his work and spends most of his time there. By character my father is a quiet man, while my mother is energetic and talkative. My mother’s name is Olha Petrivna. She is a teacher of music and plays the piano well. My mother always has a lot of work to do about the house and at school. She is a busy woman and we all help her. My sister’s name is Alla. Like our mother Alla has blue eyes and fair hair. She is a very good-looking girl. Alla is three years younger than me. She is a pupil of the 8th form. She does well at school and gets only good and excellent marks. Literature is her favourite subject and she wants to become a teacher, as well as I do. Our family is very united. We like to spend time together. In the evenings we watch TV, read books and newspapers, listen to music or just talk about the events of the day. Our parents don’t always agree with what we say, but they listen to our opinion. All of us like to spend our weekends in the country. We often go to the village where our grandparents live. They are aged pensioners now, but prefer to live in the country. My grand-grandmother is still alive. She lives in my grandmother’s family and is always glad to see us. Her health is poor and she asks us to come and see her more often. I also have many other relatives: uncles, aunts, cousins. We are happy when we are together. THE USE OF BE Bo’lmoq fe’lining ishlatilishi. Be – bo’lmoq fe’li holat fe’li (stative verb) bo’lib, u hech qachon ish-harakat bajarilishini ko’rsatmaydi. Shunga ko’ra, be-bo’lmoq fe’lidan keyin asosan harakat bajarilishini ko’rsatmaydigan so’z turkumlari, masalan, noun-ot, adjective-sifat, pronoun-olmosh, preposition-predlog, numeral-son, adverb-ravishlar ishlatiladi. Be – bo’lmoq fe’li yordamchi fe’l (auxiliary verb) bo’lib kelganda gapda bo’lishsiz va so’roq shakllarni ham o’zi yasaydi. USE: Be-bo’lmoq fe’li quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi: • People and things (kishilar va narsalarga nisbatan ishlatilib, ularning kim yoki nima ekanligini, belgi-xususiyatini ko’rsatadi): This is Karen Brady. Bu Keren Breidi. Sarah is very attractive. Sarah juda latofatli. This is a dictionary. Bu – lug’at. • Current states (ayni vaqtdagi holatni, ahvolni ko’rsatadi): It is hot in the room. Xona issiq. She is married. U turmushga chiqqan. • Qualities (belgi-xususiyatni ko’rsatadi): My car is Japanese. Mening mashinam Yaponiyada ishlab chiqarilgan. My children aren’t rude. Mening bolalarim qo’pol emas. I’m 1.75 metres tall. Bo’yimning balandligi 1,75 sm. • Opinions (kimdir yoki nimadir haqida fikr bildirishni ko’rsatadi): This book is boring. Bu kitob zerikarli. These songs are popular. Bu qo’shiqlar mashxur. • Position/location/time (joy va vaqtni ko’rsatadi): Uzbekistan is in Central Asia. O’zbekiston Markaziy osiyoda joylashgan. It’s two o’clock. Soat ikki bo’ldi. • Someone’s job/position (kimningdir kasbi yoki lavozimini ko’rsatadi): Karen Brady is a business woman. Keren Breidi biznesmen ayol. We’re students. Bizlar talabalarmiz. • Someone’s nationality (kimningdir millatini ko’rsatadi): Karen Brady is English. Keren Breidi - ingliz. We’re Uzbeks. Bizlar o’zbekmiz. Download 21.59 Mb.

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