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-§. Linguistic expressions of the category of politeness and their explicit and implicit features
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| bet | 4/24 | | Sana | 20.11.2023 | | Hajmi | 0,66 Mb. | | #102138 |
Bog'liq Ergashaliyeva Yulduz contentdan 1.2-§. Linguistic expressions of the category of politeness and their explicit and implicit features
The current stage of development of linguistic science is characterized by a huge interest in language as a phenomenon of human communicative activity, as a cognitive tool that is adapted to a certain type of consciousness and reflects the features of this consciousness. The most important principle of organizing human communicative activity is the principle of coexistence and interaction of explicit and implicit information.
Indirect communication as meaningfully complex communication, in which the understanding of a statement includes the interpretation of explicitly unexpressed meanings21, and certain aspects of this phenomenon (indirect speech acts, implicitness, occasional formations, tropes, etc.) are among the most popular objects of research in within the cognitive-discursive paradigm.
First of all, this is due to the fact that almost any form of verbal communication implies the presence of hidden meanings that require additional interpretative efforts on the part of the addressee.
These concepts are often used by pundits from the sciences of all stripes, but this does not mean at all that you should pass by without even getting to know them at least superficially. To be wise is crafty, but to walk in circles around the bush, we will not.
The terms "implicit" and "explicit" are probably not among the words that are often on your ear and have already won a place in your long-term memory. These concepts are often used by pundits from the sciences of all stripes, but this does not mean at all that you should pass by without even getting to know them at least superficially. To be wise is crafty, but to walk in circles around the bush, we will not.
Let's decompose the terms into understandable components, and extract from them everything that a smart, advanced, comprehensively developed young lady can adopt. Remember the proverb: every person is given to us in life for a certain experience.
In linguistics, “the most common understanding of explicitness and implicitness is associated with the explicit or implicit expression of the semantics of the language units of the components of various levels of the language.
Implicit (hidden) meaning components, as a rule, do not have independent explicit expression in the formal structure of the language. They are revealed only in lexico-semantic paradigms, through the context22. Estimated values are one of the particular varieties of implicit/explicit information. As the researchers note, an explicit assessment is an axiological meaning fixed in the semantic structure of the language and objectified in its dictionary entry; and implicit evaluation - evaluative meanings that carry evaluative information that is not formally expressed in the semantics of a linguistic sign and is acquired occasionally in the context23.
Explicit information is information that is directly, obviously expressed by a given language unit or system of units without its transformation. As a rule, explicit information is fixed in the dictionary meaning of a word or morpheme. In a narrow sense, explicit meaning components are understood as "components that have an explicit word-forming (morphemic), formative (morphological) or syntactic (lexico-semantic) expression"24.
To the explicit forms of expressing evaluativeness, we include cases when there is an evaluative-marked component in the structure of the neoplasm. Such evaluative-marked components expressing an explicit evaluation include: a generating stem or affix, in the meaning of which evaluative semes are fixed; generating stem or affix, expressing an assessment due to emotional and stylistic coloring (stylistically reduced units). Other units that do not have a pronounced evaluative component (fixed in the nominative or connotative meaning of the word), but acquire evaluativeness in speech, refer to implicit forms of expressing the evaluative meaning.
Explicit means explicit, understandable, pronounced, having an external, material expression, as opposed to implicit. Implicit - confusing, indistinct, not manifested explicitly; not detected by superficial observation, the opposite of explicit [6].
We will be surprised, but not only logic, a style of thinking, but also the memory of a single individual and entire communities of “brothers in mind” are implicit and explicit. It's time for some clarification:
implicit: from the Latin word implicitum - "unexpressed", "implied", "non-expanded" and the French word implicite - "hidden". In the context of our investigation with you, logic, thinking and memory of this nature do not have obvious bright signs. Everything is veiled, hidden from prying eyes, hidden and a little mysterious. Comes from lat. implicitus, variant: implicātus, from implicāre “to intertwine, to entangle”, further from in- “im” + plicāre “to fold, fold” (goes back to Proto-Indo-Hebrew *plek- “to weave, twist”) Eng. implicit - from the 16th century;
explicit: the Latin roots explicitum - "explicitly expressed", "unfolded", the French semantic basis explicite - unambiguously "explicit". We can immediately conclude that the grain of the term for logic, thinking and memory is their simplicity and understandability to all and everyone, there are no “pitfalls” of the sacraments. Comes from lat. explicitus "deployed, opened", from verb explicare "deploy; disclose; explain, interpret”, from ex- “ex-, from-” + plicāre “to fold, roll up” (goes back to Proto-Indo-Hebrew *plek- “to weave, twist”).
So, Implicit - hidden, implicit present, implied. Explicit - explicit, openly expressed. Implicit and explicit exist in many sciences: philosophy, linguistics, natural science, jurisprudence, etc.
Unlike the category of explicitness, the category of implicitness in the scientific literature has received wider coverage. One possible reason for this interest is that the hidden tends to be more interesting than the obvious. So, with an extremely small number of precise formulations of the category of explicitness, the definitions of the term "implicitness" can be divided into several groups depending on the approach:
1) implicitness as a form of knowledge25; 2) implicitness as information that is conjectured by the recipient26; 3) implicitness as the implied content of the text, consisting of presupposition, context and implicature27.
The category of politeness is a term used in communication to refer to various means of linguistic expression of social relations between speakers and listeners. The implementation of polite communication includes two needs:
Negative self-respect needs mean the need not to exert pressure. The need for positive self-respect (positive self-respect needs) refers to the need for approval. Based on these needs, the expression of social relations can be different. The most common and general form is "social face", that is, as recommended by P. Brown, S. Levinson and I. Hoffmann, it is the development of the category of politeness through the idea of "social face" and achieving an effective result. Based on this, social face in communication is divided into two types: positive and negative faces.
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