Fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson

Grammar reference 
Unit 1 Simple tenses
Present simple - subject + present verb
+
-
?
1 live
1 don't live
do 1 live?
he/she/it lives
he/she/it doesn't live
does he/she/it live?
we live
we don't live
do we live ?
you live
you don't live
do you live ?
they live
they don't live
do they live ?
Past simple - subject + past verb
+
-
?
1 lived
1 didn 't live
did 1 live ?
he/she/it lived
he/she/it didn't live
did he/she/it live?
we lived
we didn't live
did we live ?
you lived
you didn't live
did you live ?
they lived
they didn't live
did they live?
Present perfect 
- subject 
+ has/have + 
past participle
+
-
?
1 have lived 
he/she/it has lived 
we have lived 
you have lived 
they have lived
1 haven't lived 
he/she/it hasn't lived 
we haven't lived 
you haven't lived 
they haven't lived
have 1 lived? 
has he/she/it lived? 
have we lived? 
have you lived? 
have they lived?
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Gram mar for IELTS

Unit 2 Continuous tenses
Present continuous 
- subject +
to be 
+ (verb
)ing
+
-
?
1 am watching 
he/she/it is watching 
we are watching 
you are watching 
they are watching
I ’m not watching 
he/she/it isn 't watching 
we aren’t watching 
you aren't watching 
they aren't watching
am 1 watching? 
is he/she/it watching? 
are we watching? 
are you watching? 
are they watching?
Present continuous 
- subject +
was/were 
+ (verb 
)ing
+
-
?
1 was watching 
he/she/it was watching 
we were watching 
you were watching 
they were watching
1 wasn't watching 
he/she/it wasn't watching 
we weren't watching 
you weren't watching 
they w eren't watching
was 1 watching? 
was he/she/it watching? 
were we watching? 
were you watching? 
were they watching?
Present Perfect Continuous -
Subject + 
has/have 
+ 
been 
+ (verb)/ng
+
-
?
1 have been watching 
he/she/it has been watching 
we have been watching 
you have been watching 
they have been watching
1 haven't been watching 
he/she/it hasn't been watching 
we haven't been watching 
you haven’t been watching 
they haven't been watching
have 1 been watching? 
has he/she/it been watching? 
have we been watching? 
have you been watching? 
have they been watching?
Gram mar reference 
115

Unit 3 
Past
Past perfect - subject + had + past participle
+
-
?
1 had played 
he/she/it had played 
we had played 
you had played 
they had played
1 hadn 't played 
he/she/it hadn't played 
we hadn't played 
you hadn't played 
they hadn't played
had 1 played? 
had he/she/it played? 
had we played? 
had you played? 
had they played?
Past perfect continuous - subject + had + been + (verb)ing
+
-
?
1 had been playing 
he/she/it had been playing 
we had been playing 
you had been playing 
they had been playing
1 hadn't been playing 
he/she/it hadn’t been playing 
we hadn't been playing 
you weren't playing 
they weren't playing
had 1 been playing? 
had he/she/it been playing ? 
had we been playing? 
had you been playing? 
had they been playing?
Used to - subject + used to + verb
+
-
?
1 used to play 
he/she/it used to play 
we used to play 
you used to play 
they used to play
1 didn 't use to play 
he/she/it didn't use to play 
we didn't use to play 
you didn't use to play 
they didn't use to play
did 1 use to play? 
did he/she/it use to play? 
did we use to play? 
did you use to play? 
did they use to play?
Would - subject + would + verb 
+
I would play 
he/she/it would play 
we would play 
you would play 
they would play
116 
Gram mar for IELTS

Unit 
U
Future 1
Going to - Subject + to be + going to + infinitive
+
-
?
1 am going to learn 
he/she/it is going to learn 
we are going to learn 
you are going to learn 
they are going to learn
I'm not going to learn 
he/she/it isn 't going to learn 
we aren't going to learn 
you aren't going to learn 
they aren't going to learn
am 1 going to learn? 
is he/she/it going to learn? 
are we going to learn? 
are you going to learn ? 
are they going to learn?
W ill - Subject + w ill + infinitive
+
-
?
1 w ill learn 
he/she/it w ill learn 
we w ill learn 
you w ill learn 
they w ill learn
1 w on't learn 
he/she/it won't learn 
we won't learn 
you won't learn 
they won't learn
w ill/sh a ll 1 learn? 
w ill he/she/it learn ? 
w ill/sh a ll we learn? 
w ill you learn? 
w ill they learn?
Grammar reference 
1 1 7

Unit 5 
Future 2
Future continuous 
- subject 
+ will + be + 
(verb)/ng
+
-
?
1 w ill be waiting 
he/she/it w ill be waiting 
we w ill be waiting 
you w ill be waiting 
they w ill be waiting
1 won't be waiting 
he/she/it won't be waiting 
we won't be waiting 
you won’t be waiting 
they won't be waiting
w ill/s halt 1 be waiting ? 
w ill he/she/it be waiting? 
w ill/shall we be waiting? 
will you be waiting? 
will they be waiting?
Future perfect simple 
- subject 
+ will + have + 
past participle
+
-
?
1 w ill have waited 
he/she/it w ill have waited 
we w ill have waited 
you w ill have waited 
they w ill have waited
1 won't have waited 
he/she/it won't have waited 
we won't have waited 
you won't have waited 
they won’t have waited
w ill/shall 1 have waited? 
w ill he/she/it have waited? 
w ill/shall we have waited? 
w ill you have waited? 
w ill they have waited?
Future perfect continuous 
- subject 
+ will + have + been + 
past participle
+
-
?
1 w ill have been waiting 
he/she/it w ill have been waiting 
we w ill have been waiting 
you w ill have been waiting 
they w ill have been waiting
1 won't have been waiting 
he/she/it won't have been waiting 
we won't have been waiting 
you won't have been waiting 
they won't have been waiting
w ill/shall 1 have been waiting? 
w ill he/she/it have been waiting? 
w ill/shall we have been waiting? 
w ill you have been waiting? 
w ill they have been waiting?
118 
Grammar for IELTS

Unit 11 
Comparatives and superlatives
Comparative and superlative adjectives
adjective
comparative
superlative
sm aii (ends in double consonant)
sm a lle r (+er)
the sm allest
big (ends in consonant + 
vowel + consonant)
bigger (+ final consonant + er)
the biggest
late [ends in e)
later (+ r)
the latest
early (ends in y)
earlier [y + i + er)
the earliest
Irregular comparative and superlative adjectives
adjective
comparative
superlative
good
better
best
bad
worse
worst
far
fa rth e r/fu rth e r
the farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
the oldest/eldest
Comparative and superlative adverbs
adverb
comparative
superlative
fast (same form as adjective)
faster (+ er)
the fastest (+ esf)
quietly (adjective + ly)
more quietly (+ more]
the most quietly (+ the most]
Irregular comparative and superlative adverbs
adverb
comparative
superlative
well
better
best
badly
worse
worst
far
fa rth e r/ further
the farthest/furthest
Gram m ar reference 
1 1 9

Unit 14 Conditionals
Zero conditional
if/w h e n  + present sim ple + present simple
Other possible structures:
lf+  modal verb + modal verb
+
-
?
If/when people have free time, they 
enjoy life.
If/when people don’t have free 
time, they do not enjoy life.
If/when people have free time, do 
they enjoy life?
First conditional
if + present sim ple + w ill + infinitive without ‘to’
Other possible structures:
if+  present sim ple + can/could/may/might 
if+  present sim ple + imperative 
i f  + present continuous + w ill + infinitive without 'to' 
if  + present perfect + w ill + infinitive without ‘to’
+
-
?
If people have free time, they w ill 
enjoy life.
If people don’t have free time, they 
won’t enjoy life.
If people have free time, w ill they 
enjoy life?
Second conditional
if+  past sim ple + would + infinitive without 'to'
Other possible structures:
if  + past sim ple + could/m ight
if + were to + would + infinitive without 'to'
if  + past sim ple + should + infinitive without ‘to’
+
-
?
If people had free time, they would 
enjoy life.
If people didn't have free time, they 
wouldn't enjoy life.
If people had free time, would they 
enjoy life?

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