Literature review.
Economic security is a necessary condition for the sustainable development of
the economic system, and among foreign scientists who have studied the
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consequences of the mechanisms of its transformation, one can single out T. Kuhn,
K. Perez, M. S. Roko, V. S. Bainbridge, T. Jotsana, E. Sebastian . , D. Bell, J.
Schumpeter, S. Clark, P. Arnold, G. Dozi.
Russian scientists Abalkin L.A., Bukhvald E.M., Senchagov V.K., Kolosov
A.V., Plesovskikh Yu.G., Vasiliev V.L., Romanova O.A., Sukharev O.S. and others
have done research on the topic.
Among the Uzbek economists Gulyamov S.S., Vakhabov A.V., Ulmasov A.,
Shukurov Zh.S., Abulkosimov Kh.P., Khurramov A.F., Zhuraev T.T., Mamatov
A.A., Mamurov B.H. and others explored the sustainable development of the
economic system.
Methodology.
The article uses the methods of dialectical, systemic, integral and synergetic
approaches, methods of economic, logical, scientific abstraction, monographic
analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, generalization and
grouping.
Results.
Economic security refers to the state of an individual, household, or nation's
economic well-being, stability, and protection against risks and vulnerabilities. It
encompasses various dimensions and aspects that contribute to the overall economic
stability and resilience of a system.
At the individual or household level, economic security involves having access
to stable and sufficient income, adequate employment opportunities, and the ability to
meet basic needs such as food, shelter, healthcare, and education. It also includes
protection against financial risks and shocks, such as unemployment, illness, or
unexpected expenses, through mechanisms like social safety nets, insurance, and
savings.
On a broader scale, economic security at the national or macroeconomic level
encompasses factors such as low inflation, stable exchange rates, fiscal discipline,
and robust financial systems. It involves policies and measures aimed at maintaining
stable economic growth, reducing income inequalities, ensuring financial stability,
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and mitigating risks from economic shocks, including recessions, financial crises, or
global market volatility.
Economic security is closely intertwined with other dimensions of security, such
as social, political, and environmental security. It recognizes that economic stability
and well-being are crucial for maintaining social cohesion, reducing poverty and
inequality, and promoting sustainable development. It also acknowledges the
importance of environmental sustainability, as ecological imbalances and resource
scarcity can pose significant threats to economic security in the long run.
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of November 29, 2021
No. PD-27 “On the Strategy for the Development of the Public Security System in
the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2022-2025” was adopted. The strategy developed on
the basis of the decree provided for the development and effective implementation of
legal, methodological, scientific, and organizational measures to introduce a
qualitatively new system of public security in the country. The strategy provides for
96 sectoral activities in 6 promising areas, and the roadmap for its implementation in
2022 provides for 30 specific activities. The measures are aimed at maintaining
public order, preventing crime, ensuring road transport and fire safety, digitalizing the
industry, healthcare and improving the system of work at the place of residence
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.
According to the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the main entity that
ensures economic security is the state administration (legislative, executive and
judicial bodies). The state must ensure the realization of the interests of all economic
agents, based on the current legal norms, and ensure stable, balanced economic
relations in the country that correspond to modern economic, social and political
reality:
• households (individuals);
• firms;
• the state (territorial associations within the state, regions).
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Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated November 29, 2021 No. PD-27 “On the strategy for the
development of the public security system in the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2022-2025”.
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For the state, it is important not only to form legal norms aimed at ensuring
national economic security, but also to create mechanisms for the implementation of
the formed norms and tools for monitoring their implementation.
The definition of institutional structure can be based on exogenous, endogenous
factors and combined factors. An exogenous factor is understood as a factor that
occurs from the outside: crisis and other economic phenomena, natural and climatic
phenomena. Endogenous factors are the internal causes of institutional changes: the
cyclical nature of the economy, the emergence of new inventions and technologies.
The factor in the combined description is a complex of internal and external factors
that affect the synergistic structure of the institutional structure.
In the context of the transition to a digital economy, one can note the tendency
of real institutions to acquire a virtual form. The expected positive effect from the
new form of implementation of institutions can be expressed in the simplification of
bureaucratic procedures, reduction of time and material costs. Within the framework
of the theory of institutional economics, the direction of electronic institutionalism is
being formed in connection with the widespread use of information technologies.
“Analysis of global trends in the implementation of information and communication
technologies shows that today one of the promising areas is the introduction of
integrated software and hardware systems aimed at managing production, saving
resources and strict control of product quality parameters”
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.
According to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PD-
4699 dated April 28, 2020 “On measures for the widespread introduction of the
digital economy and e-government”, the Ministry of Development of Information
Technologies and Communications is the only one in the field of digital economy and
e-government that has been identified as the competent authority, and under the
Ministry, the “Electronic Government Project Management Center” and the “Digital
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Shukurov Yu.S. Prospects for the development of the digital economy and the e-government system in the Republic
of Uzbekistan. Modern trends in the formation of the digital economy: experience, problems and prospects: a network
of abstracts of lectures of the online scientific and practical conference "Republic". -T.: TDIU, 2020. -S.53.
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Economy Research Center” were established. In 2020-2022, it is planned to
implement 268 projects
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.
In our opinion, the following can be proposed as the main direction for
improving the institutional structure in the context of the transition to a mixed
economy:
• as a more flexible, adaptive and innovative organization;
• the predominance of the layer of horizontal links in the subject layer of the
structure;
• increasing the degree of involvement of the new institution in the existing
structure;
• reduction of transaction risk (for example, blockchain technology can be
implemented, an encrypted letter allows you to confirm the type of transaction, which
in turn leads to a significant reduction in transaction risk);
• modification of the institutional structure based on the creation of a new
institutional structure or the replacement of existing traditional institutions in a new
area.
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