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development of people's abilities to perceive and generate information, the formation of new
knowledge and their implementation in practice, has natural economic, humanitarian, sociological
and civilizational roots.
The Republic of Uzbekistan was among those 170 countries that in September 2015 made a
commitment to implement the new global sustainable development goals. On October 20, 2018, the
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted Resolution No. 841 “On measures to
implement the National Sustainable Development Goals and Objectives for the period up to 2030”,
which defines 16 goals and 127 tasks to be achieved by 2030. To create an effective system for
monitoring the implementation of the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), on
March 20, 2019, the Coordinating Council for the implementation of the National Sustainable
Development Goals and Objectives approved 206 indicators for monitoring their achievement. At
the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN), which was held in 1987, the phrase "sustainable
development" was first voiced. In the report “Our Common Future”, Gro Harlem Brundtland,
President of the International Commission on Environment and Development, stated: “Sustainable
development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their needs”.
The concept of sustainable development was adopted at the UN Conference on Ecological
Development in Rio de Janeiro (1992) and has not lost its relevance to this day [6]. This concept is
a model of the development of civilization, in which a balanced interaction of nature, society and
economy is carried out. The main economic component of the concept of sustainable development
is the optimal use of hydrocarbon energy resources, as well as the use of natural energy and material-
saving technologies. The document “Agenda for the 21st Century” adopted at the UN conference
sets out the obligations of states to
ensure sustainable development, the purpose of which is a
balanced socio-economic development in terms of environmental protection, rational use of energy
resources, while taking into account the vital interests of future generations The document “The
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, adopted by the leaders of world powers in September
2015 at the UN summit, defines sustainable development goals that reflect the ideology of
sustainable development and the tools to achieve them. The Sustainable Development Goals are
closely linked and harmonized with the Action Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-
2021, adopted in February 2017. The Strategy defines targets for the innovative development of the
Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030 (81 indicators in total), which are also harmonized with the
National Sustainable Development Goals.
Our research into the foundations of sustainable development of energy enterprises led to
the conclusion that the fuel and energy complex is a structure-forming system for the entire economy
and affects all types of economic activity. The functioning and development of the fuel and energy
complex is inextricably linked with natural resources, the efficient use of which is discussed at all
international economic forums. Note that sustainable development is a multifaceted and
multidimensional concept. Production sustainability is characterized
by the stability of the
production cycle, an increase in production volumes, the introduction of new
technologies, the
optimal distribution of production capacities, and full resource security.
Financial stability - includes: ensuring liquidity and solvency, the availability of reserve
funds for the expansion and renewal of fixed assets (OBK); free maneuvering of funds, which
contributes to the uninterrupted process of production and sale of products and makes it possible to
settle accounts with suppliers and creditors. Financial stability is a reflection of a stable excess of
income over expenses.
Economic - involves an increase in profits and own funds, a continuous process of production
and sales of products; high rates of all types of profitability of production and commercial activities
with the efficient
use of production resources, financial stability, break-even.
Manufacturability - is expressed in the ability to perceive the achievements of science and
technology, namely, the departure from extensive development and the transition to intensive;
continuous improvement of the organization of production; application of modern methods and
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management tools; transition to process automation and reaching a new level of informatization of
management processes; restructuring of enterprises; the ability of staff to perceive innovative ideas.
Applying the concept of sustainable development to energy, the World Energy Council
presented three aspects in the implementation of energy projects:
1) energy security - characterized by the ability of suppliers to meet demand, reliability of
infrastructure, efficient organization of energy supplies;
2) energy equality - characterized by the availability of energy for the population;
3) environmental sustainability - characterized by the development
of proposals for the
generation of energy from renewable and low-carbon energy sources.
We are talking about the transition to a new technological paradigm in the electric power
industry, which represents the organization of energy supply in the retail sector as an ecosystem of
energy producers and consumers that seamlessly integrate into a common infrastructure and
exchange energy. This approach, by analogy with the ongoing interactions, is also called the Internet
of Energy. The energy strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030 involves the creation of a
sustainable system for ensuring energy security, taking into account the territorial structure of
production and consumption of fuel and energy. In solving all problems, the main place is given to
the fuel and energy complex. The sustainable development of the energy sector of the state consists
of the sustainable development of industries and energy enterprises. The main task of our research
is that, considering the system as a set of interrelated elements, to find the laws that explain the
behavior of the system, its functioning and development. We came to the conclusion that the essence
of the functioning of the fuel and energy complex is reduced to the movement of information,
energy, materials associated with the processing of input values (information, financial resources,
material resources) and obtaining the desired results at the output (energy resources, services, profit,
information). To analyze the functioning of the fuel and energy complex,
we single out subsystems
in its composition that are responsible for a certain type of activity (energy consumption, electricity
generation, energy supply).
The analysis carried out by the author made it possible to identify the following elements of
the subsystem:
- social (represents a complex of relations between people and is an organizational
manifestation of the system);
- production and technical (represents material assets: technologies, machines, equipment,
materials, tools, energy);
- informational (represents information flows, databases and their interconnections);
- financial and economic (represents economic and financial resources).
Therefore, for the sustainable development of the fuel and energy complex, as a system, the
following conditions must be met:
1. Handleability - if it is possible to control the output signals with the help of the input
action, then the system is controllable.
2. Controllability - all system parameters that characterize its state must be measurable.
3. Equilibrium - the system must provide dynamic balance. Thus, our research in the field of
energy sustainability has shown that the fuel and energy complex is a complex cybernetic system
with a large number of subsystems and control loops. The complexity of the system is manifested
in a large number of its constituent elements of a diverse nature, large volumes of circulating
information, a variety of forms of connections, and multicriteria. The internal environment of the
fuel and energy complex is formed by financial means, technologies, production capacities,
organization of the process of production and transportation of fuel and energy resources,
infrastructure and other parameters (Figure 1).
Research in the field of the development strategy of fuel and energy enterprises allowed the
author to develop a trillem for improving energy security based on the sustainable development of
energy industries. Clarifying the trilemma, we believe that, firstly, the fuel and energy complex is
characterized by orbital stability - the ability of the system to function, ensuring uninterrupted supply
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and reliable generation and supply of fuel and energy resources to consumers and develop under
changing internal and external conditions. Orbital stability, according to the author, also implies
active digitalization and intellectualization of the processes of extraction, production,
processing
and distribution of fuel and energy resources. Secondly, that energy security is the ability to
uninterruptedly and reliably provide consumers with fuel and energy resources while leveling
emerging external and internal threats that destabilize the functioning of the fuel and energy
complex. Thirdly, the environmental component is the development of green energy based on
rational environmental management, preserving the environment, as well as the production of
energy from alternative energy sources (RES, nuclear power plants).
Summarizing these three
concepts, we can say that sustainable development is a process of ensuring energy, economic and
environmental security, subject to active intellectualization and digitalization of the activities of
enterprises of the fuel and energy complex of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Also, in order to overcome imbalances in development and establish proportionality, the
structure of the system must be flexible and adaptive, have the potential for improvement. For the
integrity of the system, the integration and interdependence of elements and the ability to regulate
are important.
