Microsoft Word 28 pe 09 21 139-143 ibrahim




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System Description 
The proposed hybrid solar-wind electrical system with 
battery bank and local grid, illustrated in simple diagram as 
shown in Fig. 1 below: 
Fig. 1 The basic diagram for the suggested hybrid solar-wind 
electrical system
The solar system provides energy when the sun is 
shine( clear sky days ) whereas on frosty days which are 
frequently to be cloudy, the wind systems will substitute 
solar panels in providing more power for both off-grid and 
on-grid appliances. Here is a design of both on-grid in 
addition to the off-grid systems for hybrid solar-wind power 
system in Duhok city. The main reason of selecting Duhok 
site (Fig. 2) is location where the power grid availability is 
about 24 hours and the ease access for solar and wind 
resource.
The available sun radiation on earth computed in to two 
main approaches. The first method is calculated according 
to the Global Horizontal Irradiance GHI which is usually 
calculated by a pyranometer while the second technique is 
according to immediate normal irradiance DNI which is 
measured by a pyrheliometer [4][5].


140 PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY, ISSN 0033-2097, R. 97 NR 9/2021 
Fig. 2 The case study location (Duhok) on the world map. 
Both wind speed and solar Irradiance data have been 
obtained for Duhok, Iraq is determined by surface 
meteorology and solar energy project (SSE) of National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [6], which 
collects meteorology and insolation data for entire earth in 
order to help in the evolution of renewable and clean energy 
systems [7]. As showed in HOMER program software, the 
longitude and latitude of Duhok is 42°56'38.0" E, 
36°51'36.4" N respectively. The mean daily irradiance per 
each month showed in Fig. 3 for an annual average 4.85 
(kWh/m
2
/day), whereas Fig. 4 reports the mean daily wind 
speed per each month for annual average 5.67 (m/s). also 
the mean daily irradiance per each month showed in Fig. 5 . 
Fig. 3 Monthly average solar irradiance.
Fig. 4 Monthly average wind speed. 
Fig. 5 Monthly average ambient temperature. 

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Microsoft Word 28 pe 09 21 139-143 ibrahim

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