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26 may 2022 3-to’plam 16-bet Kichik maktab
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26-son 3 –to’plam may 2022
Sahifa: 163
"approximation" [1; 3] (almost, about, around, etc.). V. I. Karasik calls them
"special signs of approximation." This also includes words with suffixes and
postpositives: -ish, -odd, -something, -anything (There were sixty or so people
there. We’ll see you at seven or thereabouts It’s half two-ish). The same group of
approximators includes collective nouns (heaps of loads of, oodles of, etc.) and
quantifier pronouns (some, lots of, several, etc.): The computer caused loads of
problems. In fact, there is often a reference to cognitive categories: Of course, we
had to buy everything when we bought our first house... beds, carpets, cooker...1
Everything means 'everything in a category we both know about, but I can' t name'
(... beds, carpets, cooker...). Thanks to general background knowledge about the
world, the perceiving communicant interprets the statement in such a way that he
approximately recreates the corresponding category in his mind.
The function of exemplifier applications (or vague expressions), hidden
categories, is to evoke in the mind of the listener the prototype as the best for the
corresponding cognitive category (for the furniture category it will be a table) and
cause the listener to associate with other elements of this category . In other words,
these instance applications serve as triggers for updating the corresponding
category: ...he never missed the family things - you know, weddings, funerals and
whatnot2.
In general, the words of the category of uncertainty signal that the listener is
invited to interpret the given elements as typical illustrative material of the base
level, which refers to a higher superordinate level - the corresponding cognitive
category. The function of the given thematically related words is to outline the
corresponding superordinate level (category in the terminology of E. Roche). Thus,
the perceiving consciousness, through the elements of the corresponding category
of uncertainty, is encouraged to conjecture, to its own choice within this category
[7; 8; 9].
In order to refer to a cognitive category, it is not necessary to name all the
elements of the categories in accordance with the principle of economy of the
speaker's cognitive efforts.
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