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Customer satisfaction surveyBog'liq Listening transcripts 230531 122425Q31
feed that population.
The Romans left in 410, at the beginning of the fifth century, and from then onwards the country suffered
a series of invasions by tribes from present-day Germany and Denmark, the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes,
many of whom settled in the East End. The technology they introduced meant that
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metal and leather
goods were produced there for the first time. And as the East End was by the river, ships could transport
goods between there and foreign markets.
In the eleventh century, in 1066 to be precise, the Normans conquered England, and during the next
few centuries, London became one of the most powerful and prosperous cities in Europe. The East End
benefited from this, and because there were fewer
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restrictions there than in the city itself, plenty
of newcomers settled there from abroad, bringing their skills as workers, merchants, or money-lenders
during the next few hundred years.
In the sixteenth century, the first dock was dug where
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ships were constructed, eventually making
the East End the focus of massive international trade. And in the late sixteenth century, when much of
the rest of
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England was suffering economically, a lot of agricultural workers came to the East End
to look for alternative work.
In the seventeenth .century, the East End was still a series of separate, semi-rural settlements. There was
a shortage of accommodation, so marshland was drained and
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built on to house the large numbers
of people now living there.
By the nineteenth century, London was the busiest port in the world, and this became the main source of
employment in the East End. Those who could afford to live in more pleasant surroundings moved out,
and the area became one where the vast majority of people lived in extreme
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