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Islom karimov nomidagi toshkent davlat texnika universiteti «sanoat iqtisodiyoti va menejmenti: muammo va yechimlar»Bog'liq Сборник готовый
Table 1
Shows the global primary energy demand by fuel type
Years
Energy
Carrier
2015
2020
2030
2040
billion.
t.f.e
%
billion.
t.f.e
%
billion.
t.f.e
%
billion. t.f.e
%
Oil
Coal
Gas
NPP
HPS
Biomass
OthRen.en
World
4,19
3,73
2,88
0,65
0,33
1,31
0,19
13,28
31,5
28,1
21,7
4,9
2,5
9,8
1,4
100
4,53
3,84
3,21
0,75
0,36
1,41
0,32
14,42
31,4
26,7
22,3
5,2
2,5
9,8
2,2
100
4,80
3,98
3,84
0,94
0,42
1,58
0,69
16,25
29,5
24,5
23,6
5,8
2,6
9,7
4,3
100
4,92
3,93
4,43
1,09
0,48
1,72
1,12
17,69
27,8
22,2
25,0
6,2
2,7
9,7
6,3
100
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of goals for future international
cooperation that replaced the Millennium Development Goals (09.25.2015). These goals are planned
to be achieved from 2015 to 2030. The final document "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development" contains 17 global goals and 169 related tasks. Goal 7 is formulated as
follows: “Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy sources for all”. The
Paris Agreement was adopted by all 196 parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, held in Paris on
12 December 2015. In this Agreement, all countries undertake to take measures to ensure that the
increase in global temperature by 2050 is less than 20C, and, given the seriousness of the existing
risks, to strive to limit the temperature rise to 1.50 C. As of 01.03.2021, the Paris Climate Agreement
has been ratified by 191 parties and 168 parties have submitted their national plans to the UNFCCC
Secretariat. To implement the decisions of the Paris Agreement, it is necessary to change the fuel
balance of the world energy - by 2050 it is necessary to achieve that carbon-free sources occupy at
least 50% of it. An increase in the share of nuclear power generation to 25% will ensure not only this
ratio, but also provide consumers with reliable power generation.
Of the traditional sources of electricity, only nuclear energy and hydropower do not emit
greenhouse gases. This advantage of low-carbon electricity production can be very effectively
combined and enhanced if there are also variable renewable energy sources (SPP, WPP, etc.) in the
energy system and, accordingly, meet the requirements of the Paris Agreement. The global
deployment of nuclear energy and CCS technologies (CO2 capture and storage) is well behind the
pace predicted by scenarios of limiting global warming to 2 °C. Both technologies face a number of
challenges on the road to wider adoption, including high construction costs, etc. By 2050, the cost of
building an average solar power plant will fall by 71% (compared to the current one), and the cost of
building a wind farm - by 58%. At the same time, their construction is already much cheaper today
than new coal and gas power plants. In fig. 1 shows the forecast for the growth of installed RES
capacity in the world.
The global average estimated cost of electricity production over the entire life cycle of a source
(LCOE) for different countries and types of renewable energy can vary greatly. But the tendency to
change is showing.
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