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Tyner indb
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Bog'liq Judith A. Tyner. Principles of map design. New York. „The Guilford Press”, 2010Additive primaries. Three basic colors of light from which other hues can be produced; they
are red, green, and blue. Contrasts with subtractive primaries.
Altitude tint. See Layer tint.
Angular deformation. Alteration in angles and shape caused by the transformation of the
sphere on a plane surface.
Animated maps. Maps that create the illusion of change, either temporal or spatial, by rapidly
displaying a series of single frames (Peterson, 1995).
Area of least deformation. The area on a projection that is most accurate. Also called the
“zone of best representation.”
Areal phenomena. Geographical phenomena that extend over defined areas. These phenom-
ena have two significant dimensions: length and width.
Associative symbol. A type of symbol midway between abstract and pictorial. Although asso-
ciative symbols are not small pictures of the object represented, they give an impression
of the nature of the object in some way. Thus, a mountain peak might be represented
by a triangle or a building by a small square or rectangle. See also Pictorial symbol;
Mimetic symbol; Abstract symbol.
Atlas. A collection of maps, bound or boxed, that conform to a uniform format.
Azimuth (magnetic). A spherical angle formed by a true north line (a meridian) and a line that
passes through the observer and the object observed. The spherical angle between any
great circle and a meridian.
Azimuthal projections. A class of projections that shows azimuths correctly from the center
point; great circles through the center point are straight lines. Also called “zenithal
projections.”
Balance, visual. The positioning of various graphic elements so that the visual weight of the
various elements is equally distributed.
Bar graph. A type of graph that shows value by means of bars whose height is proportional
to the value represented.
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