10
Учебник“
Безопасность жизнедеятельности.
Гражданская защита
”
подготовлен с целью ознакомления студентов высших медицинских
учреждений с задачами гражданской защиты по организации медицинской
помощи населению при чрезвычайных ситуациях природного и техногенного
характера в мирное время, а также в пострадавщих очагах в военное время.
Данный учебник составлен в соответствии с типовой программой по предмету
“
Безопасность жизнедеятельности. Гражданская защита
”.
В данном учебнике широко освещены вопросы о роли и задачах
гражданской защиты на сегодняшний день, защиты населения при
чрезвычайных ситуациях,
принципы защиты населения, меры по эвакуации
населения при условиях чрезвычайных ситуаций, организация первой и
врачебной помощи в зараженных очагах, организационной структуры
медицинской службы гражданской защиты, основ лечебно-эвакуационного
обеспечения
населения,
организации
квалифицированной
и
специализированной
медицинской помощи, организации медицинского
обеспечения населения при ликвидации неблагопрятных последствий
природных
катастроф
и
аварий,
противоэпидемических
мер
в
бактериологически (биологически) зараженных объектах.
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Annotation
From the first years of independence of our country a lot of attention has been
paid to current issues along objectives for the protection of citizens from different
types of natural and man-made emergencies.
This period of development of society distinguished by the growth of
confrontations between humanity and the surrounding natural environment, as well
as emergency situations. Throughout the centuries, and increase the number of man-
made accidents (catastrophe). Large number of them and the consequences also
occur in the twentieth century, especially in the second half of it. In some countries,
industrial and military nuclear complex,
chemical industry, space objects observed
major accidents, bringing huge financial losses, killed thousands of people, millions
of people were injured. In our present age, where continually evolving science,
technology and production tasks for the protection of the population, territory,
material and moral values of the various emergency situations that may arise as a
result of interactions in the system, "Nature-Society-Man" remain relevant.
Objectives of "Civil Protection", which operated in our country prior to
independence, included mainly the protection of population and territories from
emergency situations, primarily from the effects of weapons of mass destruction that
occur in the period of hostilities. But the life of mankind
continually threaten not
only weapons of mass destruction and other agents used in military conflicts, but
also natural disasters, environmental issues, crash, resulting in the production,
industry, transport. It is enough to recall the number of fatalities, health lost, became
homeless people in the world over the last 20-30 years of the last century.
Proceeding from the above, by the leadership of our country scale civil
defense tasks are defined not only on the border war,
but in a number of its main
tasks introduced prevention and prediction of accidents, derailments and natural
disasters, learning the correct movement of the population at different periods of
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natural and manmade disasters . Under such conditions are of great importance
perfect structure of civil protection, constant readiness of state authorities with
special powers in this area, the structures of civil protection
at the facilities of the
national economy.
Protecting the public from extreme events of different nature is one of the
main tasks of the leaders of all the objects, organizations and institutions, as
specified in Article 11 of the Law "On protection of population and territories from
emergency situations of natural and man-made, pre-database should be ready to
conduct evacuation measures and location of people in a prescribed manner. For this
reason, at the present time on the basis of the scale of the emergency, one of the
main methods of the population is considered
to export hazardous areas, ie
evacuation measures. Master the essence of displacement, movement rules, forms
and methods of organizations to move, their system and order activities, tasks to
ensure the living conditions of the displaced population in the casualty areas is of
great importance in the future activities of the doctors.
Medical Service of Civil Protection is a special
union in the health system,
designed to ensure the health of the affected population from the effects of weapons
of mass destruction and natural disasters, major accidents and derailments.
Tutorial "
Life safety. civil protection
" prepared to acquaint students of higher medical
institutions with the tasks of civil protection for the organization of medical care in
emergency situations of natural and technogenic character in peacetime as well as in
the casualty foci in wartime. This tutorial is made in accordance with the model
program on the subject of "
Life safety civil protection
".
This tutorial covered extensively on the role and tasks of civil protection to
date, protection of the population in emergency situations, the principles of
protection of the population, measures to evacuate people with emergencies, the
organization and the first medical aid in the infected foci, the organizational
structure of the medical service of civil protection , the foundations of medical and
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evacuation
support of the population, the organization of qualified and specialized
medical care, health maintenance organization population in liquidation negative
consequences of natural disasters and accidents, epidemic control measures of
bacteriological (biological) contaminated sites.
