• Page | 22 Volume 1 Issue 1 | January 2024 | ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND NATURAL SCIENCES
  • Data and statistical analysis
  • Oriental journal of medicine and natural sciences




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    Data extraction 
    At least two out of the three reviewers (TC, NC, SL) independently conducted 
    data extraction using a predefined and standardized extraction form. Agreement 
    between the authors was assessed through Cohen’s kappa value (K-statistic: 
    0.447; standard error: 0.133). The extracted data encompassed general 
    characteristics of the articles (study design, publication year, authors, geographic 
    location) and variables related to study methodology, population, intervention
    comparators, and outcomes. 
    Any discrepancies in the extracted data were resolved through discussion or, if 
    necessary, by involving a fourth reviewer (AB). 


    Page | 22 
    Volume 1 Issue 1
     | 
    January 2024 
    |
     
    ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND NATURAL SCIENCES 
    “Innovative World” Scientific Research Support Center www.inno-world.uz
    Figure 1. 
    Assessment of risk of bias and quality of studies 
    The assessment of the risk of bias for each study was independently conducted 
    in duplicate by two authors (TC and NC or AB). This evaluation utilized either 
    version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2), designed for assessing the risk 
    of bias in a single estimate of an intervention effect reported from a randomized 
    trial, or the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROBINS-I), which is employed for 
    evaluating the risk of bias in estimates of the comparative effectiveness of 
    interventions from studies without randomization to allocate units to comparison 
    groups [15]. 
    Any discrepancies in the risk of bias assessment were resolved through 
    discussion, with the involvement of a third author (SL) if necessary. 
    Data and statistical analysis
    Data extraction from the list of eligible articles involved capturing publication 
    and study characteristics (study design, year published, authors, geographic 
    location), study population characteristics (age, sample size), details about the 
    therapy, duration of follow-ups, and outcomes. Given the infeasibility of 
    conducting a meta-analysis, the research team opted to present a narrative 
    summary of results derived from individual studies. 

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    Oriental journal of medicine and natural sciences

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