3 §.
|
Internal structure of metals
|
40
|
3.1.
|
Metallic type of bond in metals.....................................
|
40
|
3.2.
|
Types of metal crystal lattices
|
41
|
3.3.
|
Crystallographic planes...................................................
|
43
|
3.4.
|
Internal structure of metals. The structure of real crystals….
|
47
|
3.5.
|
Dislocations………………..
|
51
|
4 §
|
Iron and its alloys.................................................... ...... .....
|
56
|
4.1.
|
Iron-carbon phase diagram. ........................................
|
56
|
4.2.
|
Iron and its properties. Cementite and its properties…………
|
58
|
4.3.
|
Structures in the Fe – Fe3C system............................................. .
|
62
|
4.4.
|
State diagram of the Fe – Fe3C system …………..……….
|
64
|
4.5.
|
Iron ores…………………..…………...…….
|
65
|
5.§
|
Theory of heat treatment……………………………..
|
67
|
5.1.
|
Theory of heat treatment……………………………..
|
67
|
5.2.
|
Internal structural changes when heating steel…….
|
69
|
5.3.
|
Decomposition of pearlite into austenite……….…….
|
71
|
5.4.
|
Isothermal decomposition of supercooled austenite
|
72
|
5.5.
|
Formation of pearlite, martensite, bainite..................................
|
73
|
5.6.
|
The influence of heat treatment on the properties of steel.
|
76
|
Chapter II
|
NEW METAL MATERIALS……...................................…..
|
79
|
6.§
|
Non-metallic materials................................................... ..
|
79
|
6.1.
|
General information about non-metallic materials.
|
79
|
6.2.
|
Polymers……….………………..…..
|
80
|
6.2.1.
|
Thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers…………..
|
81
|
6.2.2.
|
Polymer-based composite materials……..
|
82
|
6.2.3.
|
Polymers and their types
|
83
|
6.3.
|
Fillers and plasticizers…………………..
|
87
|
6.4.
|
Methods for manufacturing plastic parts……..
|
92
|
7.§.
|
Rubber, ceramics, wood materials and applications
|
96
|
7.1.
|
About the preparation of parts made of rubber, ceramics, wood.
|
96
|
7.2.
|
Rubber, ceramics, wood and technological properties...
|
104
|
Chapter III
|
METAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY…………….
|
109
|
8.§.
|
Technology of casting metal parts…………..
|
109
|
8.1.
|
The role of casting in mechanical engineering, properties of cast materials and their definition………………………………..
|
109
|
8.2.
|
Forms, requirements for their materials, composition and preparation…………………….……………….
|
111
|
8.3.
|
Model configuration, stern preparation………….
|
112
|
8.4.
|
Making molds by hand and by machine
|
114
|
8.5.
|
Special methods for obtaining ingots…………………
|
119
|
9. §.
|
Defects in casting technology and casting of parts..................
|
123
|
9.1.
|
Special methods of obtaining ingots. ……………………
|
123
|
9.2.
|
Forms, material requirements, composition and preparation.
|
125
|
9.3.
|
Model set, stern preparation. …………………….
|
128
|
9.4.
|
Casting molds by hand and by machine…………….
|
130
|
9.5.
|
Defects in metal castings, their causes and prevention……………………………….
|
131
|
10.§.
|
Metal forming and its types…………..
|
135
|
10.1.
|
Metal forming…………………..…
|
135
|
10.2.
|
Basic methods of working with metal pressure.
|
136
|
10.3.1.
|
Heating of metals……………….……………….
|
137
|
10.3.2.
|
Oven with chamber………………………….
|
140
|
10.3.3.
|
Methodical furnaces………..……………..
|
141
|
10.3.4.
|
Electric ovens…………………….
|
141
|
10.3.5.
|
Induction furnaces……………..…..………
|
142
|
10.4.
|
Rolling…………….………………….
|
143
|
10.5.
|
Rolling mill………………………………………………………
|
146
|
10.6.
|
Metal pressing………………………….
|
148
|
10.7.
|
Stamping………………………………………………….
|
149
|
10.8.
|
Volumetric stamping………..…………………..
|
150
|
11.§.
|
Welding of materials, their classification and weldability......
|
154
|
11.1.
|
Welding work…………………………..
|
154
|
11.2.
|
Welding methods and technologies…………..
|
157
|
11.3.
|
Arc welding…………………..
|
161
|
11.3.2.
|
Electrodes…………………………………………………………………….
|
168
|
11.4.
|
Semi-automatic submerged arc welding…
|
170
|
11.5.
|
Electric arc welding in an argon atmosphere………..
|
171
|
11.6.
|
Electric arc welding in CO2 atmosphere………..………..
|
172
|
11.7.
|
Electroslag welding………………….
|
175
|
11.8.
|
Welding using plasma, electron beam, laser (light beam), gas (flame).
|
176
|
11.9.
|
Efficiency of welding technology…………..
|
185
|
11.10.
|
Welding of non-ferrous metals…………………..
|
194
|
12.§.
|
Basics of metal cutting.
|
196
|
12.1.
|
Cutting process…………………..
|
196
|
12.2.
|
Movements when cutting. Processing scheme……………..
|
199
|
12.3.
|
Elements of the cutting mode are approaching……………..
|
200
|
12.4.
|
Turning and milling machine and its angles……….
|
202
|
12.5.
|
Slag formation and types of slag…….……..
|
206
|
12.6.
|
Events observed during cutting. Stability of the cutting tool…………………….………………….
|
209
|
|
Glossary…………………………...……..
|
213
|
|
Literatures........................................................ ...........................
|
230
|
