• Paragraph organization
  • The function of sentences
  • Types of text organization




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    Grammar for IELTS - Collins English for Exams

    Types of text organization
    Text is organized according to its purpose. For example, if you are describing a process, you w ill 
    sta rt at the beginning of the process and explain it step by step. If the text is describing problem s 
    and solutions it is usual to explain the problem s firs t then provide the solutions. There are a 
    range of text organization types used in IELTS, fo r example:
    For and against discussion:
    a presentation of both sides of a common argum ent or situation
    Cause and effect:
    an explanation of the causes and effects of a problem or situation
    Advantages and disadvantage:
    a discussion of the good and bad points of an issue o r situation
    Giving an opinion:
    a presentation of your opinions on a problem or situation
    Paragraph organization
    topic sentence explains the main idea of a paragraph, it usually comes at the beginning of a 
    paragraph so that reader knows w hat the paragraph is about. The topic sentence gives general 
    inform ation on the main idea. The topic sentence does NOT contain details.
    The other sentences in a paragraph add extra information to the main idea presented in the topic 
    sentence. These sentences can be: explanations, details, reasons, contradictions, problems, solutions, 
    opposite views etc. These sentences contain details and extend the main idea in the topic sentence.
    The function of sentences
    Each sentence in a paragraph has a function. It must be connected to the sentence before and 
    the sentence afte r and add inform ation about the main idea in the topic sentence. Linking words 
    (Unit 10) and reference words (Unit 16) help to connect sentences together and highlight th e ir role.
    1 C elebrities have had a large im pact on the fashion industry. 2 This is due to the fact that they 
    make successful advertising campaigns. 3 Sports stars, pop stars and actors, fo r exam ple, 
    are often connected w ith a p a rtic u la r product. 4 Consequently, fans of the celebrity buy the 
    product and company profits increase. 5 However, using celebrities makes people want 
    products they do not w ant or need.
    1 Topic sentence 
    3 Example 
    5 Problem

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