Ключевые
слова:
поликомпонентные
сложные
предложения,
синтаксические целые, сложные синтаксические целые, свехфразовые
единицы, полипредикативные единицы, текстемы.
The question of the status and types of composite sentences is insoluble
without addressing such syntactic phenomena as syntactic wholes, composite
syntactic wholes, supraphrasal units, polypredicative units, polycomponential
complex sentences, known in the special literature as constructions close to
composite sentences, which are larger in structure than the latter.
Research in this direction is being carried out intensively, as evidenced by the
appearance of special works devoted to the definition and disclosure of the linguistic
nature of syntactic units, which are larger than composite sentences in structure and
semantics /Tolkachev, 1966; Gamidov, 1977; Dmitrieva, 1981; Kalashnikov, 1981;
Gavrilova, 1981; Goldina, 1989 and others/.
So, in his work, A. D. Tolkachev explores multi-link complex sentences based
on the material of the modern German language. For the author of this work, a
multilink complex sentence is a period consisting of more than two elementary
sentences combined into a complex whole by a continuous syntactic link based on
subordination. The period, according to the researcher, is a hypotactic unit and can
be one-dimensional, two-dimensional, etc. / Tolkachev, 1966, 3-12 /.
The research work of I. G. Gamidov is an experience of describing multi-
componential composite sentences with complex subordination in modern Russian.
In the work, the author investigates, mainly, the structural features of the mentioned
syntactic constructions, however, although the work of I. G. Gamidov is devoted to
multi-componential compоsite sentences with complex subordination, there is no
clear distinction between the units under study and other related units that are
completely different from them, namely, composite sentences with a mixed type of
connection between their components such as multicomponential composite
sentences with subordination and coordination, since I. G. Gamidov. does not put a
demarcation line between them, which leads to their mixing /Gamidov, 1977, 16/. In
her doctoral dissertation, L. K. Dmitrieva selects complicating categories and
complicated sentences in the modern Russian literary language as the object of
research /Dmitrieva, 1981, 3/. In this work, the author sets the following goals:
1)
to show the existence of complicated sentences along with simple,
composite sentences;
Tilshunoslikdagi zamonaviy yo
‘
nalishlar: muammo va yechimlar
124
2)
to determine the status of a complicated sentence as a "special syntactic
unit of the transitional type in the sentence subsystem";
3)
to substantiate the specificity of the distribution of complicated
sentences on the scale of transition from convergence with a simple, complex
sentence to convergence with complex ones;
4)
to consider such complicating categories as:
a)
homogeneity;
b)
separation;
c)
clarification;
d)
direct address;
e)
category of introduction (вводности) /Dmitrieva, 1981, 6-7/, which in
general the author has done very scrupulously.
Another work in the same direction is devoted to the study of compоsite
sentences with a conjunctive connection in modern Russian, the multicomponential
structure of which can include from four to eight components /Kalashnikova, 1981,
19/.
In her work, G. F. Kalashnikova considers multicomponential composite
sentences with a conjunctive connection as a separate structural type of sentence, she
also made an attempt to identify the main factors that cause the existence and
functioning of such units in language and speech. There are three such factors,
according to the author of the work:
1) semantic;
2) structural /named by the author as "internal"/;
3) extralinguistic (external) /Kalashnikova, 1981, 33/.
Of undoubted scientific and theoretical interest is also the work of G. A.
Zolotova "Communicative aspects of Russian syntax" (1982), in which the author
aims to describe the types of auto-semantic syntactic units, including composite
sentences from the point of view of their communicative-pragmatic functioning in
the language, which is valuable for general linguistics /Zolotova, 1982/.
The work of E. V. Goldina aims to study three-componential compound
sentences in modern Russian. The author chose complex sentences of three-
componential structure only with constructive relations between components as the
object of her research, which makes it different from other works /Goldina, 1989, 3/.
Familiarization with special literature on composite sentences and related
larger syntactic constructions /Yakovlev, 1981; Zenzerov, 1990 and others/ shows
that the theory of large syntactic units close to composite sentences is just beginning
to develop, but there is still no clear distinction between multicomponential
composite sentences and the so-called supraphrasal units, or complicated syntactic
wholes, respectively, there are still no clear, well-founded definitions of composite
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