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O‘qituvchi faoliyati bilan bog‘liq muammolar
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| bet | 4/31 | | Sana | 21.05.2024 | | Hajmi | 136,12 Kb. | | #248337 |
Bog'liq Jadid adabiyoti1. Word formation suffixes.
Nominals and verbals with new lexical meanings can be created in Uzbek language through suffixation. So by adding suffixes we create new lexical meaning:
Bosh – head (anatomy)
Boshliq – chief, foreman
Boshlamoq – to begin (infinitive)
Adding a suffix to a verbal root or word also produces a nominal or a verbal with a new lexical meaning:
Boshlanmoq – to be begun (infinitive) boshlang‘ich – beginning elementary
2. Grammatical suffixes
Grammatical functions like number, case, mood or tense is accomplished by adding suffixes to words. These grammatical suffixes chage the relationship of one word to other words in a sentence, but they do not change the basic lexical meaning of the word: Lexical Grammatical uy home; uyda at home uylamoq to marry; uyga keldi he came home uylanmoq to get married; uylandi he got married
3. Plural suffix
The Uzbek language plural suffix -lar is added to nominals to indicate that there is more than one subject or object, but also to verbals to indicate that there is mor than one subject. But NOTE that after a numeral, the plural suffix is not added to nominals:
qiz daughter – keldi she came qizlar daughters –keldilar they came uch qiz three daughters
4. Case suffixes
Case suffixes express relationships between nominals and verbals and are equivalent to English 'to', 'in', 'from' and other ideas:
o‘g‘il – son; o‘g‘ilga to the son
xalq –people ; xalqdan from the people kitob –book; kitobda in the book
5. Possession suffixes
Uzbek has several means of expressing possession. One means require adding possessive suffixes to a nominal:
kitobim my book; kitobimiz our book kitobing your book ; kitobingiz your book
(singular) – (plural)
A second means requires the possessive relationship construction.
In Uzbek, the possessor of an object is placed first, often with the suffix -ning, while the person or object possessed is placed second, always with the suffex -i or -si (plural -lari). The Uzbek equivalent of an English phrase like 'my daughter's book' is the following: qizimning kitobi daughter+my+of book+her= my daughter's book 6. Infitive suffix
The Uzbek equivalent of the English infinitive of verbs ('to enter', 'to see', etc.) is created by adding suffix -moq to the verbal root. Without this or other suffixes, the verbal root express the familiar or at times impolite imperative mood:
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